Tahirpur and Bishwamvarpur upazilas on the north, Khaliajuri and Derai upazilas on the south, Sunamganj Sadar upazila on the east, Mohanganj and Dharmapasha upazilas on the west.

Jamalganj thana was established in 1940 and was turned into an upazila in 1984. The upazila consists of 5 union parishads, 96 mouzas and 165 villages.

Jamalganj Upazila is located in Sunamganj District. Upazilla(s)/Thana(s) in Sunamganj are Bishwamvarpur Upazila, Chhatak Upazila, Derai Upazila, Dharmapasha Upazila, Dowarabazar Upazila, Jagannathpur Upazila, Jamalganj Upazila, Sullah Upazila, Sunamganj Sadar Upazila, Tahirpur Upazila.